Direct writing of textured ceramics using anisotropic nozzles

Direct writing is a unique means to align anisotropic particles for the fabrication of textured ceramics by templated grain growth (TGG). We show that alignment tabular barium titanate (BT) template (20–40 ?m width and 0.5–2 thickness) in PIN-PMN-PT matrix powder (d50 = 280 nm) significantly improved during direct using nozzles at high printing rates. The particle orientation distribution as-printed filaments, texture sintered ceramic filaments are shown directly correlate with COMSOL Multiphysics-predicted torque distributions aspect ratio 2, 3 5 oval nozzles. Electromechanical strain properties piezoelectric relative random when printed Simulations 20 interior baffles demonstrate increased near elimination constant shear stress cores (i.e. plug flow).